aa. The father slept silently b. The father silently slept Vp,(Adv)V(NP)(PP)(Adv) C. "The father cleverly wept bitterly. A solution to this problem is to move the phrase structure rules to generate the Adv in VP final position, and having another formal device, called transformational rule move the Ady in front of the verb, thus deriving the structure that represents(b) from the structure that represents(a) Much syntactic K not revealed by phrase structure rules is accounted for by transformations, which alter phrase structure trees by moving, adding, or deleting elements Transformations act on structures, irrespective of the words that they contain. They are structure dependent
◼ a. The father slept silently. ◼ b. The father silently slept. ◼ Vp→ (Adv) V (NP) (PP) (Adv) ◼ c. *The father cleverly wept bitterly. ◼ A solution to this problem is to move the phrase structure rules to generate the Adv in VP final position, and having another formal device, called transformational rule, move the Adv in front of the verb, thus deriving the structure that represents (b) from the structure that represents (a). ◼ Much syntactic K not revealed by phrase structure rules is accounted for by transformations, which alter phrase structure trees by moving, adding, or deleting elements. ◼ Transformations act on structures, irrespective of the words that they contain. They are structure dependent
The Vastness of Syntax a Analogy: playing chess and forming sentences such as Mary likes the dress * Likes the dress Mary the dress likes Likes the dress Mary ) The dress Mary Likes.(This is OK in context as a topicalization I told you that John would like that dress. and indeed a. Like that dress. John does B. *. John like does that dress
The Vastness of Syntax ◼ Analogy: playing chess and forming sentences such as Mary likes the dress. ◼ *Likes the dress. ◼ *Mary the dress likes. ◼ *Likes the dress Mary. ◼ (*) The dress Mary Likes. (This is OK in context as a topicalization ) ◼ I told you that John would like that dress, and indeed ◼ a. ...Like that dress, John does. ◼ B. *…John like, does that dress