Chapter Three Lexicon Morphology 3. The classification of words(P80 3.1 According to their variability: variable and invariable words(可变化词和不变词)Ⅴ ariable words are those words which can take inflective endings; invariable words are those that cannot 3.2 According to the eir grammatical and semantic properties: grammatical and lexical words(ait 词和词汇词) 词汇词也即实词,又译作 notional/content word;语法词也即虚词,又称 function/rorm word功能词/式词
Chapter Three Lexicon & Morphology 3 . The classification of words (P80) 3.1 According to their variability: variable and invariable words（可变化词和不变词）Variable words are those words which can take inflective endings; invariable words are those that cannot. 3.2 According to their grammatical and semantic properties: grammatical and lexical words(语法 词和词汇词) 词汇词也即实词 ， 又译作 notional/content word ; 语法词也即虚词，又称 function/form word 功能词/形式词
Chapter Three Lexicon Morphology 3.3 According to their membership: closed-class and open- class words(封闭类词和开放类词) An close class is one whose membership is in principle fixed or limited.(封闭类:连介代 冠) An open class is one whose membership is in principle indefinite or unlimited. (开放类:名 动形副数叹
Chapter Three Lexicon & Morphology 3.3 According to their membership:c1osed- class and open-class words (封闭类词和开放类词) An close class is one whose membership is in principle fixed or limited. （封闭类：连介代 冠） An open class is one whose membership is in principle indefinite or unlimited. (开放类：名 动形副数叹)
Chapter Three Lexicon Morphology 3.4 According to their similarities in terms of Inflections and aistribution or by analyzing the various grammatical, semantic and phonological properties nine or ten word classes(close to the notion of parts of speech in traditional grammar)(P81) 名动形副数叹,连介代冠 a Some newly introduced categories which are more precisely defined (p82-83: particles (小品词) auxiliaries(助动词) pro- forms(代词飛式) determiners(限定词)
Chapter Three Lexicon & Morphology 3.4 According to their similarities in terms of inflections and distribution or by analyzing the various grammatical, semantic and phonological properties: nine or ten word classes (close to the notion of parts of speech in traditional grammar) (P81) 名动形副数叹，连介代冠 Some newly introduced categories which are more precisely defined (P82-83): particles (小品词) auxiliaries (助动词) pro-forms (代词形式) determiners (限定词)
Chapter Three Lexicon Morphology 4 Lexeme(词位) a In order to reduce the ambiguity of the term word, the term lexeme is used by some linguists to refer to the minimal distinctive unit in the semantic system of a language. The lexeme is thus postulated as the abstract unit underlying such sets of grammatical variants as walk, walks, walking, walked, or big, bigger, biggest. Idiomatic phrases, by this definition, are also considered lexemes (eg. kick the bucket(=“lie”), a Lexemes are the units which are conventionally listed in dictionaries as separate entries
Chapter Three Lexicon & Morphology *4 Lexeme(词位) In order to reduce the ambiguity of the term word, the term lexeme is used by some linguists to refer to the minimal distinctive unit in the semantic system of a language. The lexeme is thus postulated as the abstract unit underlying such sets of grammatical variants as walk, walks, walking, walked, or big, bigger, biggest. Idiomatic phrases, by this definition, are also considered lexemes (e.g. kick the bucket (= “die”)). Lexemes are the units which are conventionally listed in dictionaries as separate entries