Internet Layering(Protocol Stack") Note on a point of potential confusion: these diagrams are always drawn with lower layers below higher layers Application But diagrams showing the layouts of packets 432 Transport are often the opposite, with the lower layers at the top since their headers precede those for higher layers Link Physical
Internet Layering (“ P r otocol Stack”) 7 4 3 2 1 Note on a point of potential confusion: these diagrams are always drawn with lower layers below higher layers … But diagrams showing the layouts of packets are often the opposite, with the lower layers at the top since their headers precede those for higher layers 11 Application Transport (Inter)Network Link Physical
Horizontal view of a Single Packet First bit transmitted Link(Inter)Network Transport Application Data: structure Layer Layer Header Layer depends on the application Heade (IP) Header
Horizontal View of a Single Packet Link Layer Heade r (Inter)Network Layer Header (IP) Transport Layer Header Application Data: structure depends on the application … First bit transmitted 12
Vertical view of a single Packet Link Layer Header First bit transmitted (Inter)Network Layer Header (IP Transport Layer Header Application Data: structure depends on the pplication 13
13 Vertical View of a Single Packet Link Layer Header First bit transmitted (Inter)NetworkLayer Header(IP) Transport Layer Header Application Data: structure depends on the application . . . . . .
nternet Layering(“ Protoco| Stack”) Application 432 Transport Link Physical 14
Internet Layering (“Protocol Stack”) 14 7 4 3 2 1 Application Transport (Inter)Network Link Physical
Layer 1: Physical Layer Application Transport o Encoding bits to send them over a single physical link Link e.g. patterns of voltage levels Physical photon intensities REmodulation 15
Layer 1: Physical Layer 7 4 3 2 1 • Encoding bits to send them over a single physical link • e.g. patterns of voltage levels / photon intensities / RF modulation 15 Application Transport (Inter)Network Link Physical