3.2 Biological theories a.Neurotransmitters. -5-HT (5-serotonin) -Norepinephrine -Dopamine
3.2 Biological theories • a. Neurotransmitters. -5-HT (5-serotonin) -Norepinephrine -Dopamine
b.Neuroendocrine factors. -HPA:hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -HPT:hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
• b. Neuroendocrine factors. -HPA: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis - HPT: hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
3.3 Life events Recent evidence confirms that crucial life events, particularly the death of loss of a loved one,can precede the onset of depression.However,such losses precede only a small number of cases of depression.Fewer than 20%of individuals experiencing losses become clinically depressed
3.3 Life events • Recent evidence confirms that crucial life events, particularly the death of loss of a loved one , can precede the onset of depression. However, such losses precede only a small number of cases of depression. Fewer than 20% of individuals experiencing losses become clinically depressed
Summary of Etiology These observations argue strongly for predisposing factors,possibly genetic, biological,psychosocial,or characterological in nature
Summary of Etiology • These observations argue strongly for predisposing factors, possibly genetic , biological , psychosocial, or characterological in nature
ure
4. Clinical Feature -Depressive episode - Manic episode