and Princess Elizabeth represented him on various state occasions. King George VI died on Feb. 6, 1952. Thus, Elizabeth became queen on Feb 6, 1952. The first three months of her reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative seclusion. But in the summer, after she had moved from Clarence House to buckingham Palace she undertook the routine duties of the sovereign and carried It her first state opening of Parliament on Nov. 4, 1952. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953 On the accession(Bp iz)of Queen Elizabeth, her son Prince Charles became heir le was named Prince of Wales on July 26, 1958. The queen s other children were Princess Anne born Aug. 15.1950: Prince Andrew born Feb. 19. 1960. and Prince Edward, born March 10, 1964. Elizabeth's first grandchild(Princess Anne's son)was born on Nov. 15.1977 I)The role of the monarch The government of the United Kingdom has for many centuries been shared by ee supreme authorities 1)the Monarch (i.e. the Queen or King) 2) the lords(ie. the hered itary(世袭的) nobility) 3)the Commons (i.e. the ord inary people) The history of the United Kingdom has been the story of a gradual shifting of supremacy from the first of these authorities to the third. Or we may say it is a gradual progress towards democracy Before the English Bourgeois Revolution, the King was very powerful (1) He personally exercised supreme executive, legislative and judicial power (2) He manipulated the election of the Archbishop ()He could grant lands and wealth to his favorites (4)He could appoint his followers to important positions (5) He conferred noble titles (6) He could have anyone arrested, put into prison or to death The constitutional monarchy was established after the 1688 Glorious Revolution At the beginning of its establishment, the King still remained the center of executive power. He could appoint and dismiss ministers, although he had little power in law making. Later, towards the end of the 18th century, the Kings power began to become less by degree According to legislation, the full title of the present Queen is: Elizabeth Il, By The grace Of God, Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland and of her other Realms And Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth. Defender of the faith Grace:God' s mercy and favor towards mankind(上帝对人类的慈悲) 6
6 and Princess Elizabeth represented him on various state occasions. King George VI died on Feb. 6, 1952. Thus, Elizabeth became queen on Feb 6, 1952. The first three months of her reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative seclusion. But in the summer, after she had moved from Clarence House to Buckingham Palace, she undertook the routine duties of the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on Nov. 4, 1952. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. On the accession (即位) of Queen Elizabeth, her son Prince Charles became heir ; He was named Prince of Wales on July 26, 1958. The queen's other children were Princess Anne, born Aug. 15, 1950; Prince Andrew, born Feb. 19, 1960, and Prince Edward, born March 10, 1964. Elizabeth's first grandchild (Princess Anne's son) was born on Nov. 15, 1977. 1) The Role of the Monarch The government of the United Kingdom has for many centuries been shared by three supreme authorities: 1) the Monarch (i.e. the Queen or King) 2) the Lords (i.e. the hereditary (世袭的) nobility) 3) the Commons (i.e. the ordinary people) The history of the United Kingdom has been the story of a gradual shifting of supremacy from the first of these authorities to the third. Or we may say it is a gradual progress towards democracy. Before the English Bourgeois Revolution, the King was very powerful. (1) He personally exercised supreme executive, legislative and judicial power. (2) He manipulated the election of the Archbishop. (3) He could grant lands and wealth to his favorites. (4) He could appoint his followers to important positions. (5) He con’ferred noble titles. (6) He could have anyone arrested, put into prison or to death. The constitutional monarchy was established after the 1688 Glorious Revolution. At the beginning of its establishment, the King still remained the center of executive power. He could appoint and dismiss ministers, although he had little power in law making. Later, towards the end of the 18th century, the King’s power began to become less by degrees. According to legislation, the full title of the present Queen is: Elizabeth II, By The Grace Of God, Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland And Of Her Other Realms And Territories Queen, Head Of The Commonwealth, Defender Of The Faith ----Grace: God’s mercy and favor towards mankind (上帝对人类的慈悲)
Realm: Kingdom(王国) Faith:指国家的或正统的宗教 Theoretically, the Queen is the official head of state, the head of the legal system of Britain. the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and the head of the church of England. Many important government processes require the participation of the The British government is called"Her Majesty's Government The Queen summons, prorogues and dissolves Parliament prorogue bring a session of parliament to an end without dissolve it so that unfinished business may be taken up again in the next session(使国会会期休会) -Dissolve bring to an end She appoints the Prime Minister, ministers, and important officials and officers She presides the great state functions(盛大的国家典礼) She gives many important honors and awards She concludes(缔结) treaties and declares war. She remits(free someone from a punishment #fe)all or part of the sentence passed on a criminal by granting a royal pardon The Queen seems to have an unl imited power, but practically everything she does is done on the advice of her ministers. Everything has been decided in advance by Parliament or the Prime Minister together with his cabinet. The Queen does all the things automatically. It is unconstitutional for the Queen to refuse As a matter of fact, the Queen can only appoint a new Prime Minister, while the other ministers are appointed by the new Prime Minister. And the Queen cannot appoint a new Prime Minister according to her own will. She has to appoint the person who is the leader of the Majority Party in the House of Commons. So the appointment is also a legal formality. In the general election, if one party has won the majority seats in the Commons. This party then has the right to control the government. Its leader will be the head of the new government. Yet if the party having a majority has no recognized leader, the queen has the duty of selecting a Prime Minister. In such circumstances she would be entitled to consult anyone she wished 2)Succession The succession to the throne is not decided by the royal family alone. It regulated by Parliament Acts and common law rules. The first candidate for the throne is the first son born to a reigning monarch. His title is Prince of Wales. If he dies young without descendants, one of his brothers or sisters will be chosen according to the established rule. The principle is that the sons of the Sovereign and
7 ----Realm: Kingdom (王国). ----Faith: 指国家的或正统的宗教。 Theoretically, the Queen is the official head of state, the head of the legal system of Britain, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and the head of the Church of England. Many important government processes require the participation of the Queen. The British government is called “Her Majesty’s Government”. The Queen summons, prorogues and dissolves Parliament. --Prorogue: bring a session of Parliament to an end without dissolve it so that unfinished business may be taken up again in the next session (使国会会期休会). --Dissolve: bring to an end. She appoints the Prime Minister, ministers, and important officials and officers. She presides the great state functions (盛大的国家典礼). She gives many important honors and awards. She concludes (缔结) treaties and declares war. She remits (free someone from a punishment 赦免) all or part of the sentence passed on a criminal by granting a ‘royal pardon’. The Queen seems to have an unlimited power, but practically everything she does is done on the advice of her ministers. Everything has been decided in advance by Parliament or the Prime Minister together with his cabinet. The Queen does all the things automatically. It is unconstitutional for the Queen to refuse. As a matter of fact, the Queen can only appoint a new Prime Minister, while the other ministers are appointed by the new Prime Minister. And the Queen cannot appoint a new Prime Minister according to her own will. She has to appoint the person who is the leader of the Majority Party in the House of Commons. So the appointment is also a legal formality. In the general election, if one party has won the majority seats in the Commons. This party then has the right to control the government. Its leader will be the head of the new government. Yet if the party having a majority has no recognized leader, the Queen has the duty of selecting a Prime Minister. In such circumstances she would be entitled to consult anyone she wished. 2) Succession The succession to the throne is not decided by the royal family alone. It is regulated by Parliament Acts and common law rules. The first candidate for the throne is the first son born to a reigning monarch. His title is Prince of Wales. If he dies young without descendants, one of his brothers or sisters will be chosen according to the established rule. The principle is that the sons of the Sovereign and