同©大学 Tongji University Biological Membranes (Cell Membranes) Each cell is separated from its carbobydrate carbohydrate group of protein oyrateoufid surroundings by a membrane. group of peripheral glycoprotein protein extracellular face The cell membrane consists -phospholipid primarily of a thin layer of amphipathic phospholipids. amino acid chain carbohydrate The membrane is embedded unit cytoplasmie face with numerous complex protein structures that act as gateways, controlling the transport of t女ansmembrane proteins molecular species
Tongji University Biological Membranes (Cell Membranes) Each cell is separated from its surroundings by a membrane. The cell membrane consists primarily of a thin layer of amphipathic phospholipids. The membrane is embedded with numerous complex protein structures that act as gateways, controlling the transport of molecular species
同海大学 Tongji University Synthetic Membranes 1956 -early 1980s:RO desalination,no commercial MF/UF for drinking water mid-1980 -early 1990s:Development of Memcor(MF), Aquasource (UF),clean waters small capacities mid-1990-2002:Start of market growth,new competitors (Zenon,Xflow,Hydranautics,Pall,lonics)with second generation membranes/modules Use on not so clean waters,start of immersed MBR products Now:Large plants 200000m3/d;Strong growth of RO desalination market
Tongji University Synthetic Membranes 1956 -early 1980s: RO desalination, no commercial MF/UF for drinking water mid-1980 -early 1990s: Development of Memcor (MF), Aquasource (UF), clean waters & small capacities mid-1990 -2002: Start of market growth, new competitors (Zenon, Xflow, Hydranautics, Pall, Ionics) with second generation membranes/modules ; Use on not so clean waters, start of immersed MBR products Now: Large plants > 200000m3 /d; Strong growth of RO desalination market
同海大学 Tongji U Source The McILVAINE COMPANY (2004) Chemical 5.6% 40%for water Desalination 20.4% Food&Bev.12.9% Metals 4.9% Mining 1.4% Oil&Gas 1.5% Water 15.4% Other industries 9.6% Wastewater 4.3% Pharmaceutical 10.4% Semiconductor 5.1% Power 3.8% Refineries1.4% Pulp&paper 3.1% GVEOUA Global Market Share
Tongji University Global Market Share
G 同©大号 Tongji University Operation modes Feed Feed O Retentate Cake layer Membrane Permeate/Filtrate Permeate/Filtrate Dead end Cross-flow
Tongji University Operation modes
同©大学 Tongji University Basic Parameters of Membrane Processes Flux is the throughput of per membrane area,J J= S Transmission or (1 Retention)indicates passage of certain solutes,R R-Cr Selectivity is the ratio of permeation between different species(solutes),S =PA
Tongji University Flux is the throughput of per membrane area, J Transmission or (1 - Retention) indicates passage of certain solutes, R Selectivity is the ratio of permeation between different species(solutes), S F p P F F C -C C R= =1- C C Q J= S p A A,B B P S = P Basic Parameters of Membrane Processes