Cognitive Linguistics Cognitive Linguistics grew out of the work of a number of researchers active in the 1970s who were interested in the relation of language and mind and who did not follow the prevailing tendency to explain linguistic patterns by means of appeals to structural properties internal to and specific to language a Rather than attempting to segregate syntax from the rest of language in a'syntactic component' governed by a set of principles and elements specific to that component, the line of research followed instead was to examine the relation o language structure to things outside language, cognitive principles and mechanisms not specific to language including principles of human categorization; pragmatic and interactional principles, and functional principles in general, such as iconicity and economy Hom
Cognitive Linguistics ◼ Cognitive Linguistics grew out of the work of a number of researchers active in the 1970s who were interested in the relation of language and mind, and who did not follow the prevailing tendency to explain linguistic patterns by means of appeals to structural properties internal to and specific to language. ◼ Rather than attempting to segregate syntax from the rest of language in a 'syntactic component' governed by a set of principles and elements specific to that component, the line of research followed instead was to examine the relation of language structure to things outside language: cognitive principles and mechanisms not specific to language, including principles of human categorization; pragmatic and interactional principles; and functional principles in general, such as iconicity and economy. Home
a The most influential linguists working along these lines and focusing centrally on cognitive principles and organization were Wallace Chafe, Charles Fillmore George Lakoff, Ronald Langacker, Leonard Talmy, and Gilles fauconnier ◆ Comparison:CLⅴs,FL.Vs.TG TG form-central; language-internal motivation-> pure cognition CL meaning-central; language-external motivation >objective world cognition FL Function-central; language-external motivation > communication needs Cognitive linguistics Home
◼ The most influential linguists working along these lines and focusing centrally on cognitive principles and organization were Wallace Chafe, Charles Fillmore, George Lakoff, Ronald Langacker, Leonard Talmy, and Gilles Fauconnier. ◆ Comparison: CL vs. FL. Vs. TG ⧫ TG: • form-central; language-internal motivation→ pure cognition ⧫ CL: • meaning-central; language-external motivation → objective world + cognition ⧫ FL: • Function-central; language-external motivation → communication needs Cognitive linguistics Home
Cognitive Science Nature of Cognitive science It is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, embracing philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. Its major goal is to obtain a better understanding of the structure and functioning of the human mind, that is, to develop theories of mind based on complex representations and computational procedures
Cognitive Science ◼ Nature of Cognitive science ◆ It is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, embracing philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. Its major goal is to obtain a better understanding of the structure and functioning of the human mind, that is, to develop theories of mind based on complex representations and computational procedures
Its organizational origins are in the mid-1970s when the Cognitive Science Society was formed and the journal Cognitive Science began Since then, more than sixty universities in North America. Europe Asia and Australia have established cognitive science programs, and many others have instituted courses in cognitive science Founders of cognitive science are: George Miller John Mccarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert simon and chomsky The History of Cognitive Science He ome
◆ Its organizational origins are in the mid-1970s when the Cognitive Science Society was formed and the journal Cognitive Science began. ⧫ Since then, more than sixty universities in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia have established cognitive science programs, and many others have instituted courses in cognitive science. ◆ Founders of cognitive science are: George Miller, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert Simon, and Chomsky. ◼ The History of Cognitive Science Home
The History of Cognitive Science Attempts to understand the mind and its operation go back at least to the Ancient gi when philosophers such as Plato and aristotle tried to explain the nature of human knowledge. The study of mind remained the province of philosophy until the nineteenth century, when experimental psychology developed Wilhelm Wundt and his students initiated laboratory methods for studying mental operations more systematically. Within a few decades, however experimental psychology became dominated by behaviorism, a view that virtually denied the existence of mind. According to behaviorists such as J. B. Watson, psychology should restric itself to examining the relation between observable stimuli and observable behavioral responses. Talk of consciousness and mental representations was banished from respectable scientific discussion. Especially in North America, behaviorism dominated the psychological scene through the 1950s (to be continued)
The History of Cognitive Science ◼ Attempts to understand the mind and its operation go back at least to the Ancient Greeks, when philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle tried to explain the nature of human knowledge. The study of mind remained the province of philosophy until the nineteenth century, when experimental psychology developed. ◼ Wilhelm Wundt and his students initiated laboratory methods for studying mental operations more systematically. Within a few decades, however, experimental psychology became dominated by behaviorism, a view that virtually denied the existence of mind. ◆ According to behaviorists such as J. B. Watson, psychology should restrict itself to examining the relation between observable stimuli and observable behavioral responses. Talk of consciousness and mental representations was banished from respectable scientific discussion. Especially in North America, behaviorism dominated the psychological scene through the 1950s. ◼ (to be continued)