Experiment1:Determinationofrockhardnessandplasticcoefficient1Experimental objectives(1) To learn about the physical properties and mechanical properties of rock.(2)To learn and master the determination of rock hardness and plasticcoefficient.2Experimental apparatus(1)Handpump(2) Pressure die (d=1.2~2.5mm)(3)Displacement sensor、load sensor(4)Hydraulic container(5)Function recorder3Experimental principleTo pressure the die use of hand pump, after the rock sample contacts with thepressure die and displacement sensor, load slow uniform pressure to the rock sample,until therock crushes.Inthewholeprocessofoperation,load anddisplacement arerecorded by function recorder, then rock hardness and plastic are calculated throughthe relation curve between load and displacement.4Experimental stepsrocksamplediameterrrocksamplecontactswiththesurementpreparationofpressurediepressure die and displacement sensordata Processingload slowuniformpressurereadingexperimentaldatauntiltherockcrushesreport writing
Experiment 1: Determination of rock hardness and plastic coefficient 1 Experimental objectives (1)To learn about the physical properties and mechanical properties of rock. (2) To learn and master the determination of rock hardness and plastic coefficient. 2 Experimental apparatus (1) Hand pump (2)Pressure die(d=1.2~2.5mm) (3)Displacement sensor、load sensor (4)Hydraulic container (5)Function recorder 3 Experimental principle To pressure the die use of hand pump, after the rock sample contacts with the pressure die and displacement sensor, load slow uniform pressure to the rock sample, until the rock crushes. In the whole process of operation, load and displacement are recorded by function recorder, then rock hardness and plastic are calculated through the relation curve between load and displacement. 4 Experimental steps rock sample preparation diameter measurement of pressure die rock sample contacts with the pressure die and displacement sensor load slow uniform pressure until the rock crushes experimental report writing reading data data Processing
PxPo(N)peot0DCdepthofthediepenetration(mm)5DataProcessing(1)Calculating hardness using the experimental curvePP,"s-Here, PThe load, kg, SDie area, mm?(2)Calculatingplasticcoefficient KAF_area OABCK=3AEarea OEDHere,AFTotalworkbeforecrushing,areaOABCAEElasticdeformation work, area OED, PYield limit, kg, OC-depth of the diepenetration,mm.(3) Calculation ofthe average of P, and the average of K 。6Experimentalreport(1)Experimentalobjectives(2) Experimental apparatus(3)Experimental principle(4)Experimental resultsHardnessYield limitplasticPlasticHardnessRocknamePPolevellevelcoefficient K
5 Data Processing (1)Calculating hardness using the experimental curve S P Py Here, P —The load, kg; S —Die area, mm2 . (2)Calculating plastic coefficient K OED OABC AE AF K area area Here, AF —Total work before crushing, area OABC; AE —Elastic deformation work, area OED; P0 —Yield limit, kg; OC —depth of the die penetration, mm. (3) Calculation of the average of Py and the average of K 。 6 Experimental report (1)Experimental objectives (2)Experimental apparatus (3)Experimental principle (4)Experimental results Rock name Hardness Py Yield limit P0 plastic coefficient K Hardness level Plastic level
7Questions(1) Why the both ends of rock samples must be parallel?(2)Whytheexperimental curvemaybeirregular?(3) How to calculate the hardness of plastic rocks without breaking point?
7 Questions (1)Why the both ends of rock samples must be parallel? (2)Why the experimental curve may be irregular? (3)How to calculate the hardness of plastic rocks without breaking point?
实验二:油井水泥浆性能实验1实验自的(1)通过实验掌握油井水泥浆的基本配制方法,掌握水泥浆密度、流变性能的测定方法,掌握有关仪器的使用方法,对油井水泥浆基本性能的指标范围有一定的认识。(3)通过实验掌握油井水泥浆稠化时间的测量方法及常压稠化仪的操作方法,了解常用油并水泥的稠化性能与有关标准,充分认识水泥浆稠化时间对固井作业的重要性。2实验仪器、设备(1)电子天平(2)恒速搅拌器(3)钻井液密度计(4)六速旋转粘度计(5)常压稠化仪3实验原理(略)4实验步骤4.1水泥浆制备在电子天平上称一定质量的水(352g)倒入搅拌杯中,搅拌器以低速(4000转/分)转动,并在15秒内加完水泥(800g),盖上搅拌杯盖子,在高速(12000转/分)下继续搅拌35秒即制备得到水泥浆(即仪器“标准1”程序)。4.2水泥浆密度测试实验前先用自来水对密度计进行校正,然后将配好的水泥浆注入密度计浆杯内(轻捣约25次除掉水泥浆中气泡),将杯盖慢慢向下旋转让多余的水泥浆从流孔溢出,再用拇指堵住流孔,清洗浆杯外部并擦干,然后放置在支架上,移动游码使支架内气泡居中,游码所标示数值即为水泥浆密度。4.3水泥浆流变性能测试将制备好的水泥浆倒入常压稠度仪样品筒中,于所测试温度下先稠化20分钟,然后浆水泥浆倒入粘度计样品筒中,先在300转/分下旋转60秒后读数,然后按
实验二 油井水泥浆性能实验 1 实验目的 (1)通过实验掌握油井水泥浆的基本配制方法,掌握水泥浆密度、流变性能 的测定方法,掌握有关仪器的使用方法,对油井水泥浆基本性能的指标范围有一 定的认识。 (3)通过实验掌握油井水泥浆稠化时间的测量方法及常压稠化仪的操作方 法,了解常用油井水泥的稠化性能与有关标准,充分认识水泥浆稠化时间对固井 作业的重要性。 2 实验仪器、设备 (1)电子天平 (2)恒速搅拌器 (3)钻井液密度计 (4)六速旋转粘度计 (5)常压稠化仪 3 实验原理(略) 4 实验步骤 4.1 水泥浆制备 在电子天平上称一定质量的水(352g)倒入搅拌杯中,搅拌器以低速(4000 转/分)转动,并在 15 秒内加完水泥(800g),盖上搅拌杯盖子,在高速(12000 转/分)下继续搅拌 35 秒即制备得到水泥浆(即仪器“标准 1”程序)。 4.2 水泥浆密度测试 实验前先用自来水对密度计进行校正,然后将配好的水泥浆注入密度计浆杯 内(轻捣约 25 次除掉水泥浆中气泡),将杯盖慢慢向下旋转让多余的水泥浆从流 孔溢出,再用拇指堵住流孔,清洗浆杯外部并擦干,然后放置在支架上,移动游 码使支架内气泡居中,游码所标示数值即为水泥浆密度。 4.3 水泥浆流变性能测试 将制备好的水泥浆倒入常压稠度仪样品筒中,于所测试温度下先稠化 20 分钟, 然后浆水泥浆倒入粘度计样品筒中,先在 300 转/分下旋转 60 秒后读数,然后按
20秒间隔依次由高速到低速:200、100、6、3转/分连续测量,依次测其读数,并用这些数据,计算出水泥浆的流变参数。表1粘度计读数3转速 (r/min)3002001006读数/格4.4水泥浆稠化时间测试(1)标定常压稠化仪电位计,并准备好稠化仪:(2)水泥浆制备:(3)将制备好的水泥浆倒入稠化仪样品筒中,并安装好稠化浆叶和电位计,然后放入稠化仪水浴中,启动电机进行稠化:(4)稠化温度设定:参照稠化仪说明书。(5)记录水泥浆稠度达到100Bc时所需要的时间,即称为水泥浆稠化时间。Table2水泥浆稠度记录表时间/min150520253035404550555860稠度/Bc5流变参数计算5.1流变模式判别F =(0200 -0100)/(0300 -0100)式中,F一流变模式判别系数,无量纲;9300一转速300r/min时的仪器读数;020一转速200r/min时的仪器读数;Qjo0一转速100r/min时的仪器读数。当F=0.5±0.03时选用宾汉模式,否则选用幂律模式。5.2宾汉模式n,=0.0015(0300-6100)[t。=0.5110300511np式中,n,一塑性粘度,Pa·s;t一动切应力,Pa;2300一300r/min时读数。5.3幂律模式( 0300n=2.0921g(0100K- 0.5110511"式中,n一流性指数,无量纲;K一稠度系数,Pa·s
20 秒间隔依次由高速到低速:200、100、6、3 转/分连续测量,依次测其读数,并 用这些数据,计算出水泥浆的流变参数。 表 1 粘度计读数 转速 (r/min) 300 200 100 6 3 读数/格 4.4 水泥浆稠化时间测试 (1)标定常压稠化仪电位计,并准备好稠化仪;(2)水泥浆制备;(3)将 制备好的水泥浆倒入稠化仪样品筒中,并安装好稠化浆叶和电位计,然后放入稠 化仪水浴中,启动电机进行稠化;(4)稠化温度设定:参照稠化仪说明书。(5) 记录水泥浆稠度达到 100 Bc 时所需要的时间,即称为水泥浆稠化时间。 Table 2 水泥浆稠度记录表 时间 /min 0 5 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 58 60 稠度/ Bc 5 流变参数计算 5.1 流变模式判别 ( )/( ) F 200 100 300 100 式中, F —流变模式判别系数,无量纲; 300—转速 300r/min 时的仪器读数; 200 —转速 200r/min 时的仪器读数;100 —转速 100r/min 时的仪器读数。 当 F 0.5 0.03时选用宾汉模式,否则选用幂律模式。 5.2 宾汉模式 o p p 0.511 511 0.0015( ) 300 300 100 式中, p —塑性粘度,Pa s ; —动切应力,Pa ;300 —300r/min 时读数。 5.3 幂律模式 n K n 511 0.511 2.092lg 300 100 300 式中,n —流性指数,无量纲; K —稠度系数, n Pa s