1. 1.2EEssential definitions for the workingparts of cutting tools1.1.2.1 The basic elements for theworkingpart of cutting tool(1) Rake surface刀杆刀头(2) Flank主切削刃前刀面(3) Cutting edge刀尖副切削刃(4) Tool nose主后刀面副后刀面Fig.1.3 componentsoftypicalturningtool下页上页退出
1.1.2 Essential definitions for the working parts of cutting tools 1.1.2.1 The basic elements for the working part of cutting tool Fig.1.3 components of typical turning tool (1) Rake surface (3) Cutting edge (2) Flank (4) Tool nose
(1)RakefaceRakefaceA,isthesurfaceonwhichthechipactsdirectlyand which cantoolsthedirectionofthe chipflowing out:Thepartadjoiningthemajorcuttingedge is referredto asthemajorrakeface:thepart adjoiningthe minor cutting edge is referred toas theminor rakeface(2)FlankThereareamajorflankandaminorflank.ThemajorflankA.isthe surface which is opposite tothe surface on the workpiece, theminor flankAis the surfacewhich isoppositetothemachined surfaceontheworkpiece(3) Cuttingedge Cutting edges are the edges engaged in cutting on rake face. Thereare major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge.The major cutting edge is an intersectinglinebetween therakeface and majorflank,itperforms theprincipal work ofmetal removalThe minor cutting edge is an intersecting linebetween therake face and the minor flank,itplays a subsidiary roleincutting(4)Toolnose Thetoolnose may be an intersectingpointofmajor andminor cuttingedges, or an intermediatestraight line ora circular arc.上页下页退出
(1) Rake face Rake face Ar is the surface on which the chip acts directly and which can tools the direction of the chip flowing out . The part adjoining the major cutting edge is referred to as the major rake face; the part adjoining the minor cutting edge is referred to as the minor rake face. （2）Flank There are a major flank and a minor flank. The major flank Aα is the surface which is opposite to the surface on the workpiece; the minor flank A’αis the surface which is opposite to the machined surface on the workpiece （3）Cutting edge Cutting edges are the edges engaged in cutting on rake face. There are major cutting edge and the minor cutting edge. The major cutting edge is an intersecting line between the rake face and major flank, it performs the principal work of metal removal. The minor cutting edge is an intersecting line between the rake face and the minor flank, it plays a subsidiary role in cutting. （4）Tool nose The tool nose may be an intersecting point of major and minor cutting edges, or an intermediate straight line or a circular arc
1.1.2.2Referencesystemforthemarked angles ofcuttingtoolspredeterminedmotion condition: first,predeterminethedirectionofmainmotionandthedirectionoffeedingmotionofthetool,then,assumethatthefeeding speed isvery low sothatthemainmotion vectorycan substituteforthecombined speed vector yapproximately,thenthereference system canbecomposed ofcoordinateplanesthat are parallelorperpendiculartothedirectionofthemainmotion.Predetermined conditionfor setup: assume the planes in reference systemareparallelorperpendiculartothebaseplaneofthetoolwhich iseasyforgrindingand setup上页下页退出
1.1.2.2Reference system for the marked angles of cutting tools predetermined motion condition：first, predetermine the direction of main motion and the direction of feeding motion of the tool, then, assume that the feeding speed is very low so that the main motion vector vc can substitute for the combined speed vector ve approximately, then the reference system can be composed of coordinate planes that are parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the main motion. Predetermined condition for setup: assume the planes in reference system are parallel or perpendicular to the base plane of the tool which is easy for grinding and setup
Thereferencesystemconsistsofthefollowingplanes:(1)ToolreferenceplanePTool reference plane P is a plane which passesthrough a designated point on the cutting edge and is perpendicular to the vector yeof combinedspeed. Usually it is parallel or normal to the setup plane or axis of the tool arbor. For instance,inFig.1.6,Pisthereferenceplaneforturningtool orplaningtool,itisparalleltothebaseplaneof thecuttingtool.(2) Tool cutting edge plane Ps基面削Tool cutting edge plane P,is a planewhichpassesthroughadesignatedpointon the cutting edge and is tangential tothecutting surface,namely,theplaneformedbyvectory.ofcombined speed刀杆底面平面andthetangent lineofadesignatedpoint on the cutting edgeFig.1.6thereferenceplanePofan ordinaryturningtool下页上页退出
The reference system consists of the following planes： （1）Tool reference plane Pr Tool reference plane Pr is a plane which passes through a designated point on the cutting edge and is perpendicular to the vector ve of combined speed. Usually it is parallel or normal to the setup plane or axis of the tool arbor. For instance, in Fig.1.6, Pr is the reference plane for turning tool or planing tool,it is parallel to the base plane of the cutting tool. Fig.1.6 the reference plane Pr of an ordinary turning tool (2) Tool cutting edge plane Ps Tool cutting edge plane Ps is a plane which passes through a designated point on the cutting edge and is tangential to the cutting surface,namely, the plane formed by vector ve of combined speed and the tangent line of a designated point on the cutting edge
3MainsectionPoandmainsectionreferencesystemMain section P.is a plane which passes through adesignated point on the cutting edgeand is perpendicular to the tool reference plane P,and the tool cutting edgeplane Pssimultaneously.Fig.1.8showsamainsectionreferencesystem composedofP-Ps-Po(4)NormalsectionPnandnormal sectionreferencesystemNormal section P,is a plane which passes througha designated point on the cutting edgeand is perpendicular to the cutting edge.The normal section reference system is composed ofPP,Pn,shown as Fig 1.8Pr一Ps一Pn组成法剖面参考系Pi一Ps一Po组成主剖面参考系Fig1.8 mainsectionandnormal sectionreferencesystem上页下页退出
（3） Main section P0 and main section reference system （4）Normal section Pn and normal section reference system Main section Po is a plane which passes through a designated point on the cutting edge and is perpendicular to the tool reference plane Pr and the tool cutting edge plane Ps simultaneously. Fig.1.8 shows a main section reference system composed of Pr －Ps －P0 Normal section Pn is a plane which passes through a designated point on the cutting edge and is perpendicular to the cutting edge. The normal section reference system is composed of Pr—Ps—Pn ,shown as Fig 1.8 Fig.1.8 main section and normal section reference system