Project management encompasses all the activities needed to plan and execute a project: Deciding what needs to be done Estimating costs Ensuring there are suitable people to undertake the project

10.1 Basic definitions A failure is an unacceptable behaviour exhibited by a system —The frequency of failures measures the reliability —An important design objective is to achieve a very low failure rate and hence high reliability. —A failure can result from a violation of an explicit or implicit requirement

Definition: Design is a problem-solving process whose objective is to find and describe a way: —To implement the system’s functional requirements... —While respecting the constraints imposed by the non-functional requirements... - including the budget

Interaction diagrams are used to model the dynamic aspects of a software system They help you to visualize how the system runs. An interaction diagram is often built from a use case and a class diagram. —The objective is to show how a set of objects accomplish the required interactions with an actor

The recurring aspects of designs are called design patterns. A pattern is the outline of a reusable solution to a general problem encountered in a particular context Many of them have been systematically documented for all software developersto use

The Unified Modelling Language is a standard graphical language for modelling object oriented software At the end of the 1980s and the beginning of 1990s, the first object￾oriented development processes appeared The proliferation of methods and notations tended to cause

The process by which a software engineer learns about the domain to better understand the problem: The domain is the general field of business or technology in which the clients will use the software A domain expert is a person who has a deep knowledge of the domain

Software engineers should avoid re-developing software already developed Types of reuse: Reuse of expertise Reuse of standard designs and algorithms

Procedural paradigm: Software is organized around the notion of procedures Procedural abstraction —Works as long as the data is simple Adding data abstractions —Groups together the pieces of data that describe some entity

Software is intangible Hard to understand development effort Software is easy to reproduce Cost is in its development —in other engineering products, manufacturing is the costly stage