1.了解叶的外部形态，掌握鉴别叶的部分、叶脉、叶序、单叶及复叶的基本原则； 2.了解不同生态条件下叶的构造及其与生理功能的相适应的特点

1.了解双子叶植物茎初生结构及次生加粗过程。 2.了解单子叶植物禾本科茎初生结构。 3.学习徒手切片法

了解蕨类植物的主要特征 了解裸子植物的主要特征

1. 了解根系形态 2. 掌握初生根的典型结构 3. 了解根的次生结构及其生理功能 4. 了解侧根的产生部分及过程 5. 学习徒手切片操作方法

1. 细胞的基本结构、形态特点 2. 植物细胞有丝分裂过程 3. 组织的类型、结构、分布与功能 4. 水封片、涂片方法

(1) Mitochondria: in all eukaryotic cells The relationship between the structure and function of mit. (2) Chloroplasts: in plant cells The relationship between the structure and function of chl. Mit: Oxidative phosphorylation→ ATP Chl: Photosynthesis→ ATP+NADPH→ Sugar

Cell signaling can affect virtually every aspect of cell structure and function: Activation of enzyme activity;  Change in cytoskeletal organization;  Change in ion permeability;  Initiation of DNA synthesis;  Activation or repression of gene expression

1. Principles of membrane transport; 2. Passive transport and active transport; 3. Two main classes of membrane transport proteins: Carriers and Channels; 4. The ion transport systems; 5. Endocytosis and Phagocytosis: cellular uptake of macromolecules and particles

1. Look briefly at the history of cell theory; 2. Consider the basic properties of cells; 3. Compare some characteristics of two different classes of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes; 4. Comprehend a special life: viruses

复旦大学：《细胞生物学 Cell Biology》课程教学资源（PPT课件）第九章 Cytoskeleton System 细胞骨骼系统